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Andalusian Arabic |
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Andalusian Arabic (also known as Andalusi Arabic, Spanish Arabic, Hispano-Arabic) was a variety of the Arabic language spoken
in Al-Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim rule. It became an extinct language in Iberia after the expulsion
of the Moriscos, which took place over a century after the Reconquista by Christian Spain. Andalusi Arabic is still used in
Andalusi music and has significantly influenced the dialects of such towns as Fez, Rabat, Nedroma, Tlemcen, Blida, Cherchell,
Tangiers, Tetouan, etc. , which welcomed Moriscos refugees. It also exerted some influence on Mozarabic, Spanish, Ladino,
Catalan, Portuguese, Moroccan and Algerian Arabic dialect. Andalusian Arabic appears to have spread rapidly and been in general
oral use in most parts of Al-Andalus between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. The number of speakers is estimated to have
peaked at around 5-7 million speakers around the eleventh and twelfth centuries before dwindling as a consequence of the Reconquista,
the gradual but relentless takeover by the Christians. In 1502, the Muslims of Granada were forced to choose between conversion
and exile; those who converted became known as the Moriscos. In 1526, this requirement was extended to the Muslims elsewhere
in Spain. In 1567, Philip II of Spain issued a royal decree in Spain forbading Moriscos from the use Arabic on all occasions,
formal and informal, speaking and writing. Using Arabic in any sense of the word would be regarded as a crime. They were given
three years to learn Christian language, after which they would have to get rid of all Arabic written material. This triggered
one of the largest Morisco Revolts. Still, Andalusian Arabic remained in use in certain areas until the final expulsion of
the Moriscos at the beginning of the 17th century. As in every other Arabic-speaking land, the Andalusian people were diglossic,
that is, they spoke their local dialect in all low-register situations, but only Classical Arabic was resorted to when a high
register was required and for written purposes as well. Andalusian Arabic belongs to Early Western Neo-Arabic, which does
not allow for any separation between Bedouin, urban, or rural dialects, nor does it show any detectable difference between
communal dialects, such as Muslim, Christian and Jewish. The oldest evidence of Andalusian Arabic utterances can be dated
from the 10th and 11th century, in isolated quotes, both in prose and stanzaic Classical Andalusi poems, and then, from the
11th century on, in stanzaic dialectal poems (zajal) and dialectal proverb collections, while its last documents are a few
business records and one letter written at the beginning of the 17th century in Valencia. |
Names (more)[ar] لهجة أندلسية[an] Algarabía [ca] Algaravia [en] Andalusian Arabic [eo] Andalus-araba lingvo [eu] Andalustar arabiera [fr] Arabe andalou [hr] Andaluzijski arapski [ja] アル・アンダルス=アラビア語 [ko] 안달루시아 구어체 아랍어 [mk] Андалузиски арапски јазик [no] Andalusisk arabisk [pt] Dialeto árabe andaluz [ru] Андалузский диалект арабского языка [es] Árabe andalusí |
Language type : Ancient
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Andalusian Arabic. |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-3 : xaaLinked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/xaahttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:xaa More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: xaaFreebase ISO 639-3 : xaa GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |