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Liburnian |
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The Liburnian language is an extinct language which was spoken by the ancient Liburnians, who occupied Liburnia in classical
times. The Liburnian language is reckoned as an Indo-European language, in the Centum group. Alternative speculations place
it on the same Indo-European branch as the Venetic language or on a separate branch. No writings in Liburnian are known. The
only Liburnian linguistic remains are Liburnian toponyms and some family and personal names in Liburnia, in Latinized form
from the 1st century AD. Smaller differences found in the archaeological material of narrower regions in Liburnia are in a
certain measure reflected also in these scarce linguistic remains. There are three groups of names: one in northern Liburnia
structurally similar to those of Histri and Veneti; another linked to the Dalmatae, Iapodes and other Illyrians; and a third
group of names common throughout Liburnian territory. Names of local deities also had different regional distributions, while
toponyms, in both structure and form, show more diversity and wider dispersion, like Pre-Indo-European (Mediterranean), Indo-European
and local features. This caused many speculations about their language. Due to a certain similarities, Géza Alföldy has concluded
that Liburni and Histri belonged to Venetic language area, while Jürgen Untermann has linked only Liburnians at the eastern
Istrian coast to Veneti, and R. Katičić included them to the North-Adriatic language area before he has finally stated that
they had been separate entirety, ethnically and by language. S. Čače has noted that appurtenance of the Liburnian language
to the North-Adriatic area rather than to Iapodes and Dalmatae is hard to prove due to scarce remains. The Liburnians were
essentially different to Histri and Veneti, culturally and ethnically, seen especially in burial tradition, by which they
were the closest to Dalmatae. Liburnian language developed on the Indo-European basis, but strong traditions were dragged
from the Pre-Indo-European times, which is especially noticed in their social relations, undoubtly related to their separate
cultural development, territorial isolation and ethnical integration and features. The grouping of Liburnian with Venetic
is based on a part of the Liburnian onomastics. In particular, some Liburnian anthroponyms show strong Venetic affinities,
with common or similar names and a number of common roots, such as Vols-, Volt-, and Host- (<PIE *ghos-ti-, stranger, guest,
host). Liburnian and Venetic names also share suffixes in common, such as -icus and -ocus. These features set Liburnian and
Venetic apart from the Illyrian onomastic province, though this does not preclude the possibility that Venetic-Liburnian and
Illyrian may have been closely related, belonging to the same Indo-European branch. In fact, a number of linguists argue that
this is the case, based on similar phonetic features and names in common between Venetic-Liburnian on the one hand and Illyrian
on the other. The Liburnians were conquered by the Romans in 35 BC. The Liburnian language eventually was replaced by Latin,
undergoing language death probably very early in the Common era. |
Names (more)[de] Liburnische Sprache[en] Liburnian language [ja] リブルニア語 [la] Lingua Liburnica [no] Liburnisk språk [pl] Język liburnijski [ru] Либурнский язык |
Language type : Ancient
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Liburnian. |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-3 : xliLinked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/xlihttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:xli More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: xliFreebase ISO 639-3 : xli GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |